ABSTRACT
Abstract Aim: Adapt the 3×2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport in a Brazilian sporting context and examine its psychometric properties. Methods: A total of 211 Brazilian athletes of seven different sports responded to the adapted instrument. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis supported the measurement model of the 3×2 Achievement Goal Model with some error correlations and invariance of the measurement model across gender, but not for the type of sport and context of the application. In terms of internal consistency, "task-avoidance" and "self-avoidance" goals did not reach the values of accepted criteria. Conclusion: This study supported the use of the 3×2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport in the Brazilian sport domain and encourages further studies to improve its reliability. Finally, the findings are discussed suggesting cultural differences in the understanding of some items between Brazilian athletes and those from other countries.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Aim: The main objective of this work is to investigate whether recreational running, considered an aerobic exercise, would stimulate blood lactate production, reducing the risk of symptoms of depression. Methods: To accomplish this, we compared the depressive symptoms with the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the intensity of physical activity with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and blood samples of the D-lactate assay in two groups of participants who practiced and did not practice street running. Results: The results showed a negative correlation between blood lactate levels and the severity of symptoms of depression. In addition, running volunteers had significant blood lactate levels and low depression scores compared to non-running volunteers. Conclusion: This evidence suggests that street running may reduce symptoms of depression by stimulating blood lactate levels.
Subject(s)
Humans , Running , Lactic Acid , Depression , Sedentary Behavior , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
O objetivo foi analisar em jogos de futebol da copa do Mundo de 2010, a ocorrência de faltas violentas e seus determinantes. Foram analisados 16 jogos da fase final dessa competição. Estes jogos foram gravados na íntegra e analisados por dois avaliadores treinados, caso houvesse algum lance capital que gerasse dúvida, um terceiro avaliador auxiliaria na decisão. A descrição dos dados foi feita em forma de taxas/prevalências. A correlação de Spearman foi empregada para analisar o relacionamento entre as variáveis. O teste qui-quadrado analisou a associação e a magnitude das associações foi observada pela Regressão Logística Binária. Ao todo, 18,4% das faltas foram consideradas violentas, e equipes européias foram as mais faltosas. O maior número de faltas ocorreu no segundo tempo; goleiros/zagueiros foram quem mais utilizaram esta infração. O local do campo com mais faltas foi a defesa. Houve associação entre gravidade da falta e ocorrência de cartões (p= 0,001), e correlação entre nível da falta e grau de punição (r= 0.65; p= 0,001). Local do campo parece ser determinante na ocorrência de ações violentas no futebol de alto nível.
The objective was to analyze in matches of soccer World Cup 2010, the occurrence of violent fouls and its determinants. We analyzed 16 finals matches of the World Cup 2010. These matches were recorded and analyzed by two trained evaluators, if there were any doubtful lance, a third evaluator would assist in the decision. Analysis of the data was taken in the form of rates/prevalence. Spearman correlation examined the relationship between variables. Chi-square test analyzed the association and magnitude was observed for Binary Logistic Regression. Altogether, 18.4% of the fouls were classified as violent, and who were more used European teams. The largest number of fouls occurred in the second half; goalkeepers/defenders were more who used this infraction. The location of the field with more fouls was the defense. There was an association between the severity of fouls and occurrence of cards (p= 0.001), and correlation between the level and degree of punishment (r= 0.65, p= 0.001). Location of the field seems to be determinant in the occurrence of violent acts in high-level football.